The self and others in the experience of pride

Pride is seen as both a self-conscious emotion as well as a social emotion. These categories are not mutually exclusive, but have brought forth different ideas about pride as either revolving around the self or as revolving around one’s relationship with others. Current measures of pride do not include intrapersonal elements of pride experiences. Social comparisons, which often cause experiences of pride, contain three elements: the self, the relationship between the self and another person, and the other person. From the literature on pride, we distilled three related elements; perceptions and feelings of self-inflation, other-distancing, and other-devaluation. In four studies, we explored whether these elements were present in pride experiences. We did so at an implicit (Experiment 1; N = 218) and explicit level (Experiment 2; N = 125), in an academic setting with in vivo (Experiment 3; N = 203) and imagined pride experiences (Experiment 4; N = 126). The data consistently revealed that the experience of pride is characterised by self-inflation, not by other-distancing nor other-devaluation

Qualitative and Mixed Methods Social Media Research: A Review of the Literature

Social media technologies have attracted substantial attention among many types of users including researchers who have published studies for several years. This article presents an overview of trends in qualitative and mixed methods social media research literature published from 2007 through 2013. A collection of 229 qualitative studies were identified through a systematic literature review process. A subset of 55 of these articles report studies involving a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Articles were reviewed, analyzed, and coded through a qualitative content analysis approach. Overall trends are presented with respect to the entire collection of articles followed by an analysis of mixed methods research approaches identified in the subset of 55 studies. The most commonly used research approaches involved collecting data from people through interview, focus group, and survey methodologies. Content analysis was the second most commonly used approach whereby researchers use Facebook posts, Tweets (Twitter posts), YouTube videos, or other social media content as a data source. Many of the studies involving combinations of quantitative and qualitative data followed a design resembling Creswell and Plano Clark’s basic mixed methods typology (e.g., convergent parallel, explanatory sequential, and exploratory sequential)

Recellularization of auricular cartilage via elastase-generated channels

Decellularized tissue matrices are promising substrates for tissue generation by stem cells to replace poorly regenerating tissues such as cartilage. However, the dense matrix of decellularized cartilage impedes colonisation by stem cells. Here, we show that digestion of elastin fibre bundles traversing auricular cartilage creates channels through which cells can migrate into the matrix. Human chondrocytes and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells efficiently colonise elastin-treated scaffolds through these channels, restoring a glycosaminoglycan-rich matrix and improving mechanical properties while maintaining size and shape of the restored tiss

A cluster of blood-based protein biomarkers associated with decreased cerebral blood flow relates to future cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease

Biological processes underlying decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are largely unknown. We hypothesized that identification of protein clusters associated with lower CBF in patients with CVD may explain underlying processes. In 428 participants (74% cardiovascular diseases; 26% reference participants) from the Heart-Brain Connection Study, we assessed the relationship between 92 plasma proteins from the Olink® cardiovascular III panel and normal-appearing grey matter CBF, using affinity propagation and hierarchical clustering algorithms, and generated a Biomarker Compound Score (BCS). The BCS was related to cardiovascular risk and observed cardiovascular events within 2-year follow-up using Spearman correlation and logistic regression. Thirteen proteins were associated with CBF (ρSpearman range: −0.10 to −0.19, pFDR-corrected &lt;0.05), and formed one cluster. The cluster primarily reflected extracellular matrix organization processes. The BCS was higher in patients with CVD compared to reference participants (pFDR-corrected &lt;0.05) and was associated with cardiovascular risk (ρSpearman 0.42, p &lt; 0.001) and cardiovascular events (OR 2.05, p &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, we identified a cluster of plasma proteins related to CBF, reflecting extracellular matrix organization processes, that is also related to future cardiovascular events in patients with CVD, representing potential targets to preserve CBF and mitigate cardiovascular risk in patients with CVD.</p

Lack of high BMI-related features in adipocytes and inflammatory cells in the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP)

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Although the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) could be involved in this association, due to its intracapsular localization in the knee joint, there is currently little known about the effect of obesity on the IFP. Therefore, we investigated cellular and molecular body mass index (BMI)-related features in the IFP of OA patients. METHODS: Patients with knee OA (N = 155, 68% women, mean age 65 years, mean (SD) BMI 29.9 kg/m2 (5.7)) were recruited: IFP volume was determined by magnetic resonance imaging in 79 patients with knee OA, while IFPs and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) were obtained from 106 patients undergoing arthroplasty. Crown-like structures (CLS) were determined using immunohistochemical analysis. Adipocyte size was determined by light microscopy and histological analysis. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells were characterized by flow cytometry. RESULTS: IFP volume (mean (SD) 23.6 (5.4) mm(3)) was associated with height, but not with BMI or other obesity-related features. Likewise, volume and size of IFP adipocytes (mean 271 pl, mean 1933 μm) was not correlated with BMI. Few CLS were observed in the IFP, with no differences between overweight/obese and lean individuals. Moreover, high BMI was not associated with higher SVF immune cell numbers in the IFP, nor with changes in their phenotype. No BMI-associated molecular differences were observed, besides an increase in TNFα expression with high BMI. Macrophages in the IFP were mostly pro-inflammatory, producing IL-6 and TNFα, but little IL-10. Interestingly, however, CD206 and CD163 were associated with an anti-inflammatory phenotype, were the most abundantly expressed surface markers on macrophages (81% and 41%, respectively) and CD163(+) macrophages had a more activated and pro-inflammatory phenotype than their CD163(-) counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: BMI-related features usually observed in SCAT and visceral adipose tissue could not be detected in the IFP of OA patients, a fat depot implicated in OA pathogenesis

Cerebroplacental ratio in predicting adverse perinatal outcome : a meta-analysis of individual participant data

Acknowledgement We would like thank Dr F. Figueras, Prof. E. Gratacos, Dr F. Crispi and Dr J. Miranda for sharing data for this project. The CPR IPD Study Group: Asma Khalil (Fetal Medi- cine Unit, St George’s Hospital Medical School and St George’s University of London, London, UK; Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, Lon- don, UK), Basky Thilaganathan (Fetal Medicine Unit, St George’s Hospital Medical School and St George’s Univer- sity of London, London, UK; Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London, UK), Ozhan M Turan (Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Repro- ductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medi- cine, Baltimore, MD, USA), Sarah Crimmins (Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA), Chris Harman (Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA), Alis- son M Shannon (Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA), Sailesh Kumar (School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Mater Research Institute – University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia), Patrick Dicker (Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland), Fergal Malone (Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland), Elizabeth C Tully (Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland), Julia Unterscheider (Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, The Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia), Isabella Crippa (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy), Alessandro Ghidini (Department of Obstetrics and Gynae- cology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy), Nadia Roncaglia (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy), Patrizia Ver- gani (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Univer- sity of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy), Amarnath Bhide (Fetal Medicine Unit, St George’s Hospital Medical School and St George’s University of London, London, UK), Fran- cesco D’Antonio (Fetal Medicine Unit, St George’s Hospital Medical School and St George’s University of London, London, UK), Gianluigi Pilu (Policlinico S. Orsola-Mal- pighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy), Alberto Galindo (Fetal Medicine Unit-SAMID, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Com- plutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain), Ignacio Herraiz (Fetal Medicine Unit-SAMID, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Com- plutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain), Alicia Vazquez-Sarandeses(FetalMedicineUnit-SAMID,Depart- ment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain), Cath- rine Ebbing (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway), Synnøve L Johnsen (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway), Henriette O Karlsen (Research Group for Pregnancy, Fetal Develop- ment and Birth, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway).Peer reviewedPublisher PD